Thinking Activity on I.A. Richard's Figurative Language

I.A. Richard's Figurative Language:

Recently we studied I.A. Richards Figurative Language. Here I'm sharing my views on Figurative Language with the example of the Gujarati Song "લીમડાને આવી ગ્યો તાવ".

Writer:- Krishna Dave

Style:- Gujarati Song

લીમડાને આવી ગ્યો તાવ,
લીમડાના દાદા ક્યે કહી કહી ને થાકી ગ્યો,
જાવ હજી ફાસ્ટફૂડ ખાવ.
ટી-શર્ટ ને જીન્સવાળી માંજરી બિલાડી ક્યે આપણને દૂધ નહીં ફાવે !
પીત્ઝા ને બર્ગરની આખ્ખી આ પેઢીને રોટલી ને શાક ક્યાંથી ભાવે ?
વર્ષોથી બોટલમાં કેદી થઈ સડતા એ પીણાને પીવો ને પાવ.
જાવ હજી ફાસ્ટફૂડ ખાવ.
અપ ટુ ડેટ કાગડા ને કાગડીયું માઈકમાં મંડીપડ્યા છે કાંઈ ગાવા !
કંઈ પણ ભીંજાય નહી એવા ખાબોચીયામાં નીકળી પડ્યા છો તમે ન્હાવા ?
કૂંપળના ગીત લીલા પડતા મૂકીને ગાવ રીમિક્સના ગાણાઓ ગાવ.
જાવ હજી ફાસ્ટફૂડ ખાવ.
કાન એ કંઈ થૂંકવાનો ખૂણો નથી કે નથી પેટ એ કંઈ કોઈનો ઉકરડો,
આપણા આ ચહેરા પર બીજાના નખ્ખ શેના મારીને જાય છે ઉઝરડો ?
માંદા પડવાનું પોસાય કદિ કોઈને’ય સાંભળ્યા છે ડૉક્ટરના ભાવ ?
લીમડાને આવી ગ્યો તાવ
લીમડાના દાદા ક્યે કહી કહી ને થાકી ગ્યો,
જાવ હજી ફાસ્ટફૂડ ખાવ.
– કૃષ્ણ દવે 

  Here poet uses the personification in the title. He gives a humanly emotion to the tree calls neem.

  There is irony today's generation, because most of today's persons eat fast food that is not good for health.

  In the whole poem poet describe the contemporary situation. In short he says that neem eats fast food, so he became ill, cat denies to drink milk, and also at wears T-shirt and jeans. Also he ironies the using of pocket water.

  Other thing is who have not good voices at they start singing and for that poet gives the metaphor of crow.

   Poet also says about today's songs, which are not unique, it is merely copied.

  He describe our bells as a drunkard because now a days peoples eats anything. He also makes irony on doctor also by their high fees.

  In the end he says that to neem but actually it is to people or mainly to youth of contemporary time, that this all thing's are not good for health.

 The poetry/song of Krishna Dave seems necessary to make something funny at first glance, but the obscene poem behind every row carefully thinking can not be touched without touching it. In the run up to the race, the person is the neither conscious of his own food nor his dress. Noisy dissonant understood the sounds 'Music'. Just because of the competition in the world, it is running day and night. He does know what he is going to be and where he wants to go. The poet who is suffering from this problem write that "Go still eat fast-food".

Thinking activity on the novel Frankenstein

1) What are some major differences between movie and the novel Frankenstein ? (Mention any three) 

● In the Book

◆Through his own studies and experiments, Victor Frankenstein develops a secret way of artificially creating life.

◆The details as to how Victor creates the creature's body parts are left unknown.

◆Victor uses an unkown process to create what would have been the monster's bride, which he destroys before bringing to life.

◆Elizabeth is killed by the monster strangling her

◆Henry and Victor are childhood friends; Victor initially goes to Ingolstadt alone, but Henry joins him there after several years.

● In the Movie

◆Victor discovers the secret to creating life after examining the deceased Professor Waldman's research.

◆Victor uses Professor Waldman's brain and pieces of criminals' corpses to assemble the creature's body.

◆Victor brings Elizabeth back to life, with the monster attempting to take her as his bride.

◆Elizabeth has her heart ripped out by the monster.

◆Victor meets Henry at Ingolstadt.

2) Did this movie help you in understanding the plot of the novel ? 

◆ Difference in the time of exposition

Between the book and the film there is also a difference in the time of exposition because to read a book a man needs more time than to watch a film. This characteristic is underlined in the film: we can understand it because Branagh leaves out some parts of the story and in particular minor characters and roles. This is because in about two hours the film director must hold on the attention and the expectations of the spectators with special effects, violence and horror.

3) Who do you think is real Monster ? 

◆ First one, What is a monster? What is the definition term for the word “monster? ” A monster is “any fictional creature, usually found in legends or horror fiction that is often hideous and may produce fear or physical harm by either its appearance or its actions. ”  From my opinion and choice, I believe that society is the monster. Society’s first trait of this story brings out that it is unloving. Being abandoned and left alone by his creator because of his looks brings out that society judges too fast and doesn’t give a chance to anything. Not only does society judge based off looks but also in the time period that any creation is made by the Will of God himself and only he is the one that creates, so what Mr. Frankenstein does is something that society rejects.

4) From where Mary Shelley get the idea for the novel Frankenstein? 

◆ There were a competition between Mary Shelley, Byron, Polidori and P. B. Shelley aboutto write better horror Story. So she starts thinking about it. One day she had dream about a ghost. By that dream she creates this novel. 

5) Do you think the search for the knowledge is dangerous and destructive?  

◆ No,I don't think. Because we find that we have so many new things and technology ,specially in medical science. So this all things came because of human' s search for knowledge. 

T.S. Eliot

1) How would like to explain Eliot's concept of tradition? Do you agree with it?

● Yes, I agree with the concept of tradition by Eliot. Tradition is not only slavish imitation of the past. Tradition   can’t be inherited and involves a great deal of labour and erudition. It has the relation of the past and present.

2) What do you think about historical sense?

●    Historical sense is most important for everything. It plays a vital role and so we can pass judgment. Historical sense is significant to the understanding text and writer's always conscious for the past and present. Poet must be well aware of the history past literature of  his country.

●     " The historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness, of the past but it's presence."

- The quotation means what is important in the pastness of the past and how much it is important.

3)Explain Eliot's theory of depersonalization?

● Eliot's theory of depersonalization is related with the chemical process in this process person is not present in the poem and he is not important also. Poetry is not an expression but it is an escape from emotion.  In the chemical process platinum is the mind of the poet.  Oxygen is emotions. And Sulphur dioxide is the feeling of man. Here without platinum the process cannot possible. And even after the chemical process there is not presence of platinum found in it. So is that the poets mind’s presence is important for the creation of the poetry, but in poetry his mind does not reflected.

4) What is relationship between "Tradition" and "Individual Talent" according to the T.S. Eliot?

●  According to T.S. Eliot tradition and individual talent are not separate entity. They are inseparable and hence go together. He says that real talent never inherited but it reveals by their work or learning process. It is vice-verse.

5) Write two point on which one can write critique on T.S. Eliot as a critic.

● One can write critique on “T.S.Eliot as a critic” from the following points mentioned in his essay:

• "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry."

• “Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality."

Matthew Arnold: Thinking Activity

1) I am agree with the principle of detachment because if we want's to give real justice of any work we must have to be disinterested. If we becomes detach and give the criticism of any work. Than it will be justice to the work.

   If we take example of Election Commissioner. May Election Commissioner likes some party but his work should be neutral. 

2) I'm not agree with touchstone method because it is not relevant in today's time. We can not judge the work taking help of history because, it depends on that time.

   For example if we take some modern writer's work may if not follows the rules so we can not consider it bad. The idea of work is important.

PPT-4 Sri Aurobindo's view on Spirituality

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Sri Aurobindo's view on Spirituality from R J Jalandhara

PPT-3 Plato's objection of poetry

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Plato's objection of poetry from R J Jalandhara

PPT-2 Comparison between Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe

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Comparison between Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe from R J Jalandhara

PPT-1 Prose writer of Elizabethan Age

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Prose writer of Elizabethan Age from R J Jalandhara

William Wordsworth

   

William Wordsworth was a major English romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads.

Wordsworth's masterpiece is generally considered to be The Prelude, an autobiographical poem of his early years which the poet revised and expanded a number of times. The work was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge". Wordsworth was England's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.

CLASSICISM AND ROMANTICISM  are artistic movements that have influenced the literature, visual art, music, and architecture of the Western world over many centuries. 

With its origins in the ancient Greek and Roman societies, Classicism defines beauty as that which demonstrates balance and order. Romanticism developed in the 18th century — partially as a reaction against the ideals of Classicism — and expresses beauty through imagination and powerful emotions. Although the characteristics of these movements are frequently at odds, both schools of thought continued to influence Western art into the 21st century.

The name "Classical" was given to the Greeks and Romans retroactively by RENAISSANCE writers. Artists and thinkers of the Renaissance, which literally means "rebirth," saw themselves as the heirs of that world following the Middle Ages. Its ideals continued to exert strong influence into the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries.

In literature, Classicism values traditional forms and structures. According to legend, the Roman poets Virgil left orders for his masterpiece The Aeneid to be burned at his death, because a few of its lines were still metrically imperfect. This rather extreme example demonstrates the importance placed on excellence in formal execution. Such attention to detail can also be seen in the work of the Italian poet Dante Alighieri, whose Divine Comedy contains over 14,000 lines written in a strict rhyming pattern known as' terza rima'. Other characteristics of the movement include balance, order, and emotional restraint.

What is the basic difference between the poetic creed of 'Classicism' and 'Romanticism'?

Romanticism and classicism they are two different ideologies or 'school of thought'. And given idea about dominance of certain things. 

Classicism:in classicism aesthetic attitude and principals manifested in the art architecture and literature if ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form simplicity proportion and restraint. Romanticism: Romanticism was an artistic literary musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of 18th century. 

Difference between classicism and romanticism is that classicism put out restrictions,whereas romanticism believes in liberty. Classicism presents urban life , whereas romanticism presents rural life. classicism believe on subjectivity and romanticism believes in objectivity. classicism is about intellectual and romanticism is about imagination .

➤ Why does Wordsworth say 'What' is poet? rather than Who is poet?

A poet is man speaking to men, a man, it is true, endued with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness,

Who has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, than are supposed to be common among mankind. 

Wordsworth has greater knowledge of human nature through the emotions like observation, heightened. He also uses platonic, more comprehensive soul. 

➤  What is poetic diction? Which sort of poetic diction is suggested by Wordsworth in his Preface?

Poetic diction means 'Choice of Word'- unique style of authors that he or she chooses his or her own language, which is understood by rustic people; who closure to reality and more genuineness the language should be natural not ornamental. Wordsworth's argument is that he is interested in writing poems in lyrical ballads. And the language "as really used by men". Wordsworth also answers to Coleridge that he finds humble and rustic life, a men who closer to reality or more genuineness. Wordsworth preferred rustic men rather than city dwells.

➤ What is poetry?

 Wordsworth's  definition of poetry  :

    " Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings it takes origin from emotion recollected in tranquility. "

   Wordsworth portrays his idea about poetry in this definition that poet is the most comprehensive soul and far better human being than ordinary people. so, the poet is the teacher and through the medium of of poetry he imparts moral lessons for the betterment of human life.

➤  Discuss 'Daffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud' with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed.

  'Daffodils' is the best example of Wordsworth's definition of poetry “poetry is a spontaneous overflow of a powerful feeling, recollected in tranquility". We all see the beauty of nature by our different point of views  but we cannot recollect and express that delight in tranquility.  so, we can call Wordsworth as nature poet, by recalling his memory and sensibility and by observing the nature, Wordsworth wrote his poetry. 

Prime Minister N. Modi

9/11

November 4, 2017

Today all the students of our Department  will show On Prime Minister @NarendraModi addressing a Student Leaders Convention on the occasion of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya's Centenary Celebration and 125th Anniversary of Swami Vivekananda's Address at the Chicago address at the World's Parliament of Religion in 1893. "This year, we are marking 125th anniversary of Swami Vivekananda's Chicago address and Pt. Deendayal Upadhyaya centenary celebrations," the prime minister said in a tweet. The theme of the address was "Young India, New India - A Resurgent Nation: from Sankalp to Sidhhi". The address focused on Vivekananda's teaching in the present day context. He also spoke about importance of cleanliness.The day also marks the centenary celebrations of BJP ideologue Deendayal Upadhyaya. The event was organised by the Deendayal Research Institute (DRI) and supported by the Culture Ministry.

The National Service Scheme Unit of @Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University has organised LIVE Webcast of this event at Department of English, M.K. Bhavnagar University.

Pehredaar Piya Ki

    I am in support of this serial. I really liked the concept. It is not all about the marriage of two different age group, that is one is too young and the other is too elder. It is about making girl or a woman same powerful as man. In this serial the girl Diya married to the young prince Ratan to protect him from the other evil members of his family. His life was in danger after the death of his mother and father. This first thinking makes us moves forward than just patriarchal thinking that only man can protect.

Overall i find it progressive not regressive

Hamlet: Thinking Activity

Hamlet Task:

  

                                   

1-How faithful is the movie to the original play?

 A movie "Hamlet"made by Kenneth Branagh is not fully faithful to the original play. Some of the things like a costume is a Victorian (18th century) costume. Setting is also of The England. Some of the scene (Hamlet and Ophelia 's bed scene) are not in the original play .Hamlet looks not young. This all things are added by the director. But dialogue vise it remains faithful.

 2-After watching the movie have your perception about play character or situation changed?

  Yes ,after watching the movie my perception about the play is changed. Before watching the movie I felt that the situations or setting of the play will be domestic. And Claudius is not suits to be the King.

 3-Do you feel aesthetic delight while watching the movie? If yes, exactly when did it happen? If no can you explain with reasons?

  Yes, while watching the movie I felt aesthetic delight. We see Hamlet's behaviour is different towards all other characters. While he is alone, with Horatio, with Polonius, with Ophelia all the time he behaves differently, that shows human's nature. That is also reality.

  4- Do you feel catharsis while or after watching movie?If yes, exactly when did it happen? If no can you explain with reasons?

   Yes, I felt catharsis (The pleasure of Pity and Fear, Purgation, Purification) in the end of the movie. When Hamlet decides to take revenge or kill his uncle Claudius. Earlier he was in dilemma or we can say in over thinking but finally he gets ready to kill Claudius.

   5- Does screening of the movie help you in better understanding of the play?

     Obviously yes, we knows that A picture has a thousand words. By the screening we get good idea that how whole thing is going, whenever we feels Difficulty that time we can pause and solve the problem. May be we sees the movie with more interest than reading so that helps a lot. We can easily remembered the scene. Thus, it is good to screening of the movie.

   6- Was there any particular scene or moment in the movie that you will cherish life time?

       The scene between Hamlet and Horatio where Horatio tells Hamlet that don't go to the ghost because if you do as ghost said that will take you into melancholy and may be whole your kingdom will suffer. In the end we see he does as ghost says and his family, Kingdom everything becomes vain. So we can say that obeying or believing in wrong thing lets us in fall.

     7- If you are director what changes would you like to make in the remaking of movie on Shakespeare's "Hamlet"?

        I will make Hamlet more intellectual.So he will not take revenge. I will make Ophelia more courageous so she'll not becomes made and also give her full freedom. I will make Claudius character more effective. One more thing is that some times we feel bore while watching the movie so I will add some interesting things and remove unnecessary things.

    8- In the beginning of the movie camera rolls over the statue of King Hamlet out side the Elinsore castle. The movie ends with the similar sequence of the King Hamlet is hammered down to the dust. What sort of symbolism do you read in this?

    The whole Kingdom including his family goes to vain because of King Hamlet or we can say his statue who calls Prince Hamlet to take revenge and that is rigidity or determined decision let his kingdom in dust as his statue goes into dust.

   9- While studying the play through movie which approach you find more applicable to the play? Why? Give reasons with illustrations.

     Historical or biographical (It is based on true story), Feminist (Gertrude) , Moral and Philosophical (Hamlet and Horatio and Claudius ) ,Psychological  (Hamlet's behaviour towards other person) , Mythical all This   approaches we find more applicable during or watching the movie.

  10- Which of the above mentioned approaches appeals you more than other?Why?Give reasons.

          Moral and philosophical approaches appeals more than others. Because during whole play we see in Hamlet that he always thinks a lot before doing anything. Sometimes he thinks that let this all things going on as it is going. Claudius's prayer to the GOD is also the example of moral and philosophical approaches.

Aristotle & Plato's Objection

Aristotle's Poetics

                                          

1. Yes, I am agree with the Plato's objection to freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writer. There is so many movies which should be banned according to the Plato 's objection like. There is some advertisement which should be banned according to the Plato's law of objection.As we know  that there is so many films or TV shops which are bad for the minor .May they take it personally ,there is so many creative serials that children can try and that is not good for them.

2. In B.A. programme there is a novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde .Which is written by R L Stevenson that we can consider as a creative work .That 's follows the  Aristotelian's literary tradition .But people can imitate him but that is not good .Or we can say that if we want to live the life freely than it is good.

3. During B.A. i studied the tragic play" OTHELLO " which is written by Shakespeare.Othello himself is the protagonist of the play.The Hamartia of the play is there is a tragic flaw in the play and there is a error of the judgement in the end of the play by the hero.Which leads him to the death of his lover and also he himself commit suicide.

4.Yes, these tragedies are follows the rules and regulation proposed by Aristotle. Like a chain of cause and effect ,principle of probability and necessity ,harmonious arrangement of incident ,complete certain magnitude ,unity of action. If we conclude this topic we can say that they both are right at it's own way .It depends on us to which way we choose .If we want to live the life of morality than Plato is right .If we want to live a freedomful life than Aristotle is right .But if we  think rationally than Aristotle is somehow better than his guru because most people like to enjoy the life and also to live a creative life.

          
So it is very good knowledge of poetics as a form of literature.

Review on Dryden's: Thinking Acitvity

Dryden's task

Que.1 Do you any difference between Aristotle's definition of Tragedy and Dryden's definition of Play?

Ans.1 Yes,we see difference because Aristotle says that tragedy is an imitation of an action Aristotle believes that there is natural pleasure in imitation where as Dryden define play as just and lively image of human nature representing it is passion and humorous and the change of fortune to which it is subject for the devite and instructions of man kind .

Que.2 If you are supposed to give your personal predilection, would you be on the side of the Ancient or the Modern? Please give reasons.

Ans.2  According to me, it is not necessary that Modern always tries to copy from the Ancient, may be that sometimes there is new idea also which is presented by Modern. But generally we find that many times Modern takes ideas from Ancient and tries to present it in a different and unique manner. Thus, Modern tries to explain ideas to people and show them a different way to think. So, according to me , both are appropriate with their own ideas , Ancient gives ideas and Modern tries to represent it in a different way according to current time.

Que.3 Do you think that the arguments presented in favour of the French plays and against English plays are appropriate? (Say for example, Death should not be performed as it is neither 'just' not 'lively' image, displaying duel fight with blunted swords, thousands of soldiers marching represented as five on stage, mingling of mirth and serious, multiple p

Ans.3 I think arguments are presented in the favour of English plays. The plots of French plays are barren while English ones are copious to further the same action. The English plays have numbers of plots with the main plot and audience is important because of that in English plays, there are all types of themes.

Que.4 What would be your preference so far as poetic or prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play?

Ans.4 I like poetry because dialogues of poetry are psychological and gives better understanding of human nature and the work of human mind. But it is also true that poetic language is hard to understand, for illiterate also and prosaic dialogues are easy to understand by every people.

Post Truth: Thinking Activity

Post Truth

When we talk about the POST-TRUTH its hide real situation and it is not presents the reality of the society .The people also live in some kind of   assumption  that is is  truth. The truth means something exist in the society but the POST-TRUTH is retelling the truth which canbe truth or not. We see in the media tht how they hide the reality of people so people is live in some kind of ignorance but in the real life but it is not truth.

Truth is always about that exist or we can say the facts which are there. On the other hand post truth is ‘‘created truth’. the famous  phrase about truth is ‘’universal truth’’. But POST-TRUTH is an individual truth , which one believes and when that person convince others to accept the same belief by force or in a very polite way, and if people accept that as something  ‘real’ or ‘true’, it is not.

“POST- TRUTH” era is an era which changes the perception of truth by implying that “truth is not one” but it differs person to person. The  term is related with the idea of ‘many truths’ and all want their truths should be accepted by society.in the era of POST-TRUTH all answers are true because all have different opinions with their own right side.

Example can be the molestation of girls. There is a problem in the psyche of those males who molest girls. But some political leaders and other citizens have implied that the reason is short cloths of girls for this kind of molestation. This was repeated  by most of people in india and that’s why it was widely accepted also.

The term ‘’post truth’’ is designed to elicit a sense of moral superiority in those who still support the globalist agenda. It is consistent with the elitist character of the globalist, whose rhetorical sr ategy has been to praise its supporters as ‘enlighten’ and condemn its opponents as stupid and evil.

Dr.Faustus Thinking Activity

Dr.Faustus: Thinking Activity

    Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

1) The play directed by Matthew Dunster for Globe theater ends with this scene (see the image of Lucifer). What does it signify?

Last Scene: Lucifer with wide wings

2) Is God present in the play? If yes, where and how? If No, why?

3) What reading and interpretation can be given to this image (see the image of Daedalus and Icarus) with reference to central theme of the play Dr. Faustus?

Answer's:-

1) Final scene of Lucifer show that limitless quest of greater power,status,and control but these aspirations and perfection lead to his tragic demise .He drowned to eternal punishment of hell and sapration of god’s love in the end.

2)yes,the God is present in the play.Old man character presents as a God and we can also see that Dr.Faustus is also being like a God.If there is no God,why he being like God..We also find God in many characters like Good angel,old man.In the end Faustus pray to God to save him,so yes God is exist in this play and we also can say that God is everywhere.

3) The picture is portrayal of the myth of Icarus and Daedalus a story of father and son.Daedalus made a wings from feathers and wax to escape and to fly. Daedalus warn to Icarus that not to fly near the sun otherwise his wings will melting, but Icarus disobeyed and fly at too much hight and riches to the sun ultimately his wings are melt and his fall is happen and his father is stay it in his limits thats why still he has his wings..its means that Dont go much higher in your ambitious rather then your down fall is happend.

Coleridge's Thinking Activity

Coleridge's task

“A poem of any length neither can be, nor ought to be, all poetry”. 

• Difference between prose and poem is as follow:

(1). Prose and poem both are most probably same but presentation of both are not same. The difference is between the combination of those elements and objects aimed at the poem and Prose. Coleridge make use of certain artificial arrangement of words with the help of metre. As a result composition will be a poem, merely because it is distinguished from composition in Prose by metre, or by rhyme. Poem have musical construction whereas prose is flat forward like news papers, magazine, fiction etc. So here we can say that prose has simple language and subject and it's aimed to be strict to the truth whereas poem's aimed to give pleasure.

(2) Coleridge considers to distinguish poem from poetry Coleridge points out that "poetry of the highest kind may exist without the contra distinguishing object of a poem " Poem is a form of poetry. Poetry means to create or to make. Poetry is the art of creating a poem. Poetry is something going on in the poet’s mind; how to create a poem using language, metre etc. with his imagination.

>Example of prose:

(3)When you set out to tell a story in prose, it’s called a novel or short story and essay which you familiar with it very well (depending on length). Stories can also be told through verse, but it’s less common nowadays. Books like Harry Potter and mobydick are written in prose.