Thinking Activity on Structuralism & Literary Criticism

Structuralism & Literary Criticism

Robert Frost's "Fire and Ice" & Edmund Spenser's "Ice and Fire".

$Robert Frost's "Fire & Ice"

1) "Fire"

 => In that fire means desires, which mean human desires same as fire in its nature. The poet Robert Frost wants to say that the world will be destroy one day. He think that world will end human desire which he shows in the poem as 'Fire'.

    According to my opinion the poet  tells us that the result of uncontrolled and endless desires like fire in the fire and its nature.

2) "Ice"

=> Similarly, there is a silent killer that is related to ice smoking. But he also thinks the hatred and cruelty of humanity poetry will end. And some people believe that the earth will end in the ice. The ice is compared to it and since then the fire and the ice of the earth will end.

$ Edmund Spenser's "Ice & Fire"

 => The poet uses strong imagery to excite and push the reader to contemplate the beauty of his expression and the meaning of his words. He describes his desire as fire and the object of his love as ice. He compares the properties of both of these and marvel's at how they do not destroy each other. The comparisons of fire and ice are really strong ways to about feelings.

Structuralism

=> Structuralism is generally define as the rectangular aspect of the individual evolution of humans. We apply this concept to a literary original writing film and serial, so that we can do that, it is kind of the entire text should always be in the context of the place of words the real meaning of this is the criticism.

   Structural critics, Gerard Genette, Ferdinand Saussure, Roland Barthes gave very good impression of structuralism through their ideas. According to theme the similarity is that  any literature can be found in the art formation technique, which can be seen keeping in mind the structure of structuralism. If we can see that there are such pattern in our Bollywood movies and some TV serial. There are usually three sections in which the   entire content is held. The species is also used when presenting that materials.

            1) Languge, Langue and Parole.

            2) Sing= Signifire+ Signified.

            3) Diachronic vs. Synchronic study

Saussure applied this study which whatever meanings are articulated.

  1) Arbitrary 

  2) Relational 

  3) Constructs 

     If we take the example of the film or the series, then find the same principles again. As we can see that the idea of love or death occurs in a different way and is presented in time. We can see many Hindi films, sometimes eventually there will be reverses on both sides as it has the same concepts of sharing.

For example Hollywood movie, Braveheart

Direct by: Mel Gibson

       Back when we still thought Mel Gibson was a sane person, he played the role of William Wallace in Braveheart, a movie about revenge against England’s oppressive rule. Following the death of his family as a boy, and the execution of his wife, Wallace leads a revolution against the English tyrant leader. It’s violent medieval warfare that’s entertainment at its finest.

      His family was killed and he wanted vengence (can't blame him), but a very sad ending. I wanted to see in in it's entirty with out any intrupptions. He got all the Clans together to fight the English king. after a Soldier raped his wife then the lord of his land had her tied to a stake and killed her.

       The movie is related with many usual movies and some kind of common stories, like Bollywood movie "Damini". Hollywood movie Robin Hood, Gladiator etc.

Thinking Activity on Northrop Frye

Thinking Activity on Northrop Frye

Archetypal Criticism 

1) What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?

=> An Archetype means "Original Form".  It refers to universal symbols, subject matters, characters and images, which we repeat throughout the literature. Originally criticizes for literature and in modern texts, the form of symbols and symbols or universal human conflict and wings by classical antiquities.

     This pattern presents universal meanings and fundamental truths about human condition for readers where they live or when they are alive.

2) What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of "Physics to Nature" and "Criticism to Literature"?

=>   Northrop Frye compares "Physics with Nature" and " Criticism with Literature". Commentary is a systematic study of literature. Which we can not learn literature, but criticism of literature can be learned. In the same way physics is a systematic study of nature, but a student of physics says that it does not teach physics to nature.

3) Share your view of Criticism as an organized body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.

=>  The literature that is criticized as the organized body of knowledge is related to the history and philosophy of literature. Literature is a central division of humanity and done by philosophy with history and on the other hand.

4) Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's   Hamlet's Grave Digger's Scene.

=>  Northrop Frye gives example of Grave Digger's  scene from 'Hamlet' to explain this method. Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digging scene depicts Inductive Method.

• Firstly, Hamlet looks at the Yorick's Skull. 

• Second, image of corruption can be seen.

• Third, we see Hamlet's love for Ophelia.

5) Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, Rhythm and Pattern. Give example of the outcome of deductive method.

=>  Deductive method from general to particular. Music has rhythm and painting have framework/pattern. We can not understand the picture by first viewing it. Literature is bandage between music and painting. Words in literature bring the rhythm of music and pictorial image all together.

Thinking Activity on I.A. Richard's Figurative Language

I.A. Richard's Figurative Language:

Recently we studied I.A. Richards Figurative Language. Here I'm sharing my views on Figurative Language with the example of the Gujarati Song "લીમડાને આવી ગ્યો તાવ".

Writer:- Krishna Dave

Style:- Gujarati Song

લીમડાને આવી ગ્યો તાવ,
લીમડાના દાદા ક્યે કહી કહી ને થાકી ગ્યો,
જાવ હજી ફાસ્ટફૂડ ખાવ.
ટી-શર્ટ ને જીન્સવાળી માંજરી બિલાડી ક્યે આપણને દૂધ નહીં ફાવે !
પીત્ઝા ને બર્ગરની આખ્ખી આ પેઢીને રોટલી ને શાક ક્યાંથી ભાવે ?
વર્ષોથી બોટલમાં કેદી થઈ સડતા એ પીણાને પીવો ને પાવ.
જાવ હજી ફાસ્ટફૂડ ખાવ.
અપ ટુ ડેટ કાગડા ને કાગડીયું માઈકમાં મંડીપડ્યા છે કાંઈ ગાવા !
કંઈ પણ ભીંજાય નહી એવા ખાબોચીયામાં નીકળી પડ્યા છો તમે ન્હાવા ?
કૂંપળના ગીત લીલા પડતા મૂકીને ગાવ રીમિક્સના ગાણાઓ ગાવ.
જાવ હજી ફાસ્ટફૂડ ખાવ.
કાન એ કંઈ થૂંકવાનો ખૂણો નથી કે નથી પેટ એ કંઈ કોઈનો ઉકરડો,
આપણા આ ચહેરા પર બીજાના નખ્ખ શેના મારીને જાય છે ઉઝરડો ?
માંદા પડવાનું પોસાય કદિ કોઈને’ય સાંભળ્યા છે ડૉક્ટરના ભાવ ?
લીમડાને આવી ગ્યો તાવ
લીમડાના દાદા ક્યે કહી કહી ને થાકી ગ્યો,
જાવ હજી ફાસ્ટફૂડ ખાવ.
– કૃષ્ણ દવે 

  Here poet uses the personification in the title. He gives a humanly emotion to the tree calls neem.

  There is irony today's generation, because most of today's persons eat fast food that is not good for health.

  In the whole poem poet describe the contemporary situation. In short he says that neem eats fast food, so he became ill, cat denies to drink milk, and also at wears T-shirt and jeans. Also he ironies the using of pocket water.

  Other thing is who have not good voices at they start singing and for that poet gives the metaphor of crow.

   Poet also says about today's songs, which are not unique, it is merely copied.

  He describe our bells as a drunkard because now a days peoples eats anything. He also makes irony on doctor also by their high fees.

  In the end he says that to neem but actually it is to people or mainly to youth of contemporary time, that this all thing's are not good for health.

 The poetry/song of Krishna Dave seems necessary to make something funny at first glance, but the obscene poem behind every row carefully thinking can not be touched without touching it. In the run up to the race, the person is the neither conscious of his own food nor his dress. Noisy dissonant understood the sounds 'Music'. Just because of the competition in the world, it is running day and night. He does know what he is going to be and where he wants to go. The poet who is suffering from this problem write that "Go still eat fast-food".

Thinking activity on the novel Frankenstein

1) What are some major differences between movie and the novel Frankenstein ? (Mention any three) 

● In the Book

◆Through his own studies and experiments, Victor Frankenstein develops a secret way of artificially creating life.

◆The details as to how Victor creates the creature's body parts are left unknown.

◆Victor uses an unkown process to create what would have been the monster's bride, which he destroys before bringing to life.

◆Elizabeth is killed by the monster strangling her

◆Henry and Victor are childhood friends; Victor initially goes to Ingolstadt alone, but Henry joins him there after several years.

● In the Movie

◆Victor discovers the secret to creating life after examining the deceased Professor Waldman's research.

◆Victor uses Professor Waldman's brain and pieces of criminals' corpses to assemble the creature's body.

◆Victor brings Elizabeth back to life, with the monster attempting to take her as his bride.

◆Elizabeth has her heart ripped out by the monster.

◆Victor meets Henry at Ingolstadt.

2) Did this movie help you in understanding the plot of the novel ? 

◆ Difference in the time of exposition

Between the book and the film there is also a difference in the time of exposition because to read a book a man needs more time than to watch a film. This characteristic is underlined in the film: we can understand it because Branagh leaves out some parts of the story and in particular minor characters and roles. This is because in about two hours the film director must hold on the attention and the expectations of the spectators with special effects, violence and horror.

3) Who do you think is real Monster ? 

◆ First one, What is a monster? What is the definition term for the word “monster? ” A monster is “any fictional creature, usually found in legends or horror fiction that is often hideous and may produce fear or physical harm by either its appearance or its actions. ”  From my opinion and choice, I believe that society is the monster. Society’s first trait of this story brings out that it is unloving. Being abandoned and left alone by his creator because of his looks brings out that society judges too fast and doesn’t give a chance to anything. Not only does society judge based off looks but also in the time period that any creation is made by the Will of God himself and only he is the one that creates, so what Mr. Frankenstein does is something that society rejects.

4) From where Mary Shelley get the idea for the novel Frankenstein? 

◆ There were a competition between Mary Shelley, Byron, Polidori and P. B. Shelley aboutto write better horror Story. So she starts thinking about it. One day she had dream about a ghost. By that dream she creates this novel. 

5) Do you think the search for the knowledge is dangerous and destructive?  

◆ No,I don't think. Because we find that we have so many new things and technology ,specially in medical science. So this all things came because of human' s search for knowledge. 

T.S. Eliot

1) How would like to explain Eliot's concept of tradition? Do you agree with it?

● Yes, I agree with the concept of tradition by Eliot. Tradition is not only slavish imitation of the past. Tradition   can’t be inherited and involves a great deal of labour and erudition. It has the relation of the past and present.

2) What do you think about historical sense?

●    Historical sense is most important for everything. It plays a vital role and so we can pass judgment. Historical sense is significant to the understanding text and writer's always conscious for the past and present. Poet must be well aware of the history past literature of  his country.

●     " The historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness, of the past but it's presence."

- The quotation means what is important in the pastness of the past and how much it is important.

3)Explain Eliot's theory of depersonalization?

● Eliot's theory of depersonalization is related with the chemical process in this process person is not present in the poem and he is not important also. Poetry is not an expression but it is an escape from emotion.  In the chemical process platinum is the mind of the poet.  Oxygen is emotions. And Sulphur dioxide is the feeling of man. Here without platinum the process cannot possible. And even after the chemical process there is not presence of platinum found in it. So is that the poets mind’s presence is important for the creation of the poetry, but in poetry his mind does not reflected.

4) What is relationship between "Tradition" and "Individual Talent" according to the T.S. Eliot?

●  According to T.S. Eliot tradition and individual talent are not separate entity. They are inseparable and hence go together. He says that real talent never inherited but it reveals by their work or learning process. It is vice-verse.

5) Write two point on which one can write critique on T.S. Eliot as a critic.

● One can write critique on “T.S.Eliot as a critic” from the following points mentioned in his essay:

• "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry."

• “Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality."

Matthew Arnold: Thinking Activity

1) I am agree with the principle of detachment because if we want's to give real justice of any work we must have to be disinterested. If we becomes detach and give the criticism of any work. Than it will be justice to the work.

   If we take example of Election Commissioner. May Election Commissioner likes some party but his work should be neutral. 

2) I'm not agree with touchstone method because it is not relevant in today's time. We can not judge the work taking help of history because, it depends on that time.

   For example if we take some modern writer's work may if not follows the rules so we can not consider it bad. The idea of work is important.

PPT-4 Sri Aurobindo's view on Spirituality

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Sri Aurobindo's view on Spirituality from R J Jalandhara